David Finchers 'Fight Club' is a polysemic text and can be approached in more than one way to create meaning, whether this be by the cinematography, mise-en-scene, sound or characters performance. Certain approaches are more useful than others, one approach often used when decoding Fight Club is the Crisis of Masculinity. The approach Crisis of Masculinity suggests that men in todays society are becoming more feminised due to the lifestyle they have chosen. The approach also suggests that we live in a female-dominated world and this is the reason for the femininity of males.
During the scene in which the narrator first goes to the Self Help Groups, framing and the mise-en-scene is important, as in the background of the shot is a basket ball hoop, showing the audience the Self Help Groups are being held in a basketball gym. This was seen quite ironic, as basketball gyms are usually used for sports and manly activities, but instead is being used for a group of men to talk to one and other about their problems, hug and cry with each other. This emphasises the emasculation, also with the pure fact that the men in the discussion all have testicular cancer, resulting in no testicles and a lack of masculinity. As all the men find partners to discuss their problems, the narrator comes across 'Bob'. He states he has 'bitch tits' and goes on to tell the audience in a voice over that he has had his testicles removed due to cancer, and his body wasn't producing enough testosterone and more estrogen, he then grew a pair of breasts and his wife left him. Bob is a perfect example of the crisis portrayed in the film as he has no testicles or wife/children. This helped me gain a deeper understanding of the film as males are literally being turned into women and they can't do anything about it. Fincher even played around with Bobs name and made it humorous as it is just one letter off being 'boob'. The narrator struggles to cry, it is only when Bob hugs him and is placed within Bobs boobs he starts to feel emotional and lets out a weep, implying that men need woman to be able to cry and become emotional, once again showing the lack of masculinity. As the narrator walks out the room and down the street, non-diegetic music accompanies the scene, it is very bland, and almost sounds like elevator music, it isn't very masculine, and once again shows the emasculation within the males in the film.
Throughout the film, there are numerous homosexual references. During the scene in which numerous males, including Tyler and the narrator, go down into the basement for the first ever Fight Club, close ups are shown of the men taking off their wedding rings. This a subtle reference to homosexuality and leaving their wives behind. Another subtle reference to homosexuality within the scene is where Tyler explains the rules of Fight Club. "The first rule of Fight Club is you do not talk about Fight Club" which may be implying not coming out of the closet and admitting you're gay. Tyler also says 'if a player taps out, goes limp, the fight is over', the words 'go limp' have been selected carefully to refer to a mans penis during sexual intercourse, referring once again to homosexuality and a lack of masculinity.
Another critical approach used when watching Fight Club to develop deeper meaning is Post Modernism. Fight Club is considered a post modern text, it involves things such as intertexuality, homage and hybridity. Multiple scenes in which the house where Tyler lives are shot and framed in a similar way to the house in Psycho. It is in fact the same house used, an example of intertexuality and homage. During the scene in which Project Mayhem had the members of parliament on the floor in the toilet and there is a point of view shot showing Tyler from a disoriented angle. This mimics the rape scene from A Clockwork Orange, another example of intertexuality. Another example of intertexuality is the scene where Tyler enter Marlas room and finds a sex toy on the table, mirroring A Clockwork Orange once again. Many would consider Fight Club a drama, however, it contains multiple conventions of the Noir genre, with things such as the voice over, a sinister and emotionally damaged protagonist, the constant low key lighting and Marla acting and being portrayed slightly as a Femme Fatale. Taking the critical approach that Fight Club is a post modern film is very useful in finding meaning, it is a suggestion of how society is moving, it is no longer moving forward but is just moving in circles picking up parts of the past to mix into a new, society is just a copy of a copy of a copy, which the narrator actually says within the film.
Tuesday, 17 June 2014
Monday, 16 June 2014
What is the importance of mise-en-scène and/or sound in creating meaning and generating response in the films you have studied
Both Matthieu Kassovitz' La Haine and Fernando Meirelles City Of God use mise-en-scene and sound to create meaning and generate a response. La Haine is set in France in the 1990's, the time in which the youths and police force were rioting against one another. After the real life footage is shown to us, we get a close up of our first character, Said. The camera slowly zooms into his face and as he opens his eyes we are introduced to the diegetic sounds around him. This shows that Said, and the youths of France in the time in which it was set were trying to shut out the world around them, or that they couldn't believe their eyes. We then get a point of view shot of Said looking across the road at the police force, or better known in the film as the 'pigs'. The distance between Said and the pigs creates conflict, providing contextual information for the audience.
We are then introduced to our second character, 'Vinz'. As well as mise-en-scene and sound being important to create meaning within the text, cinematography and the choice of camera work also helps. We are first shown Vinz in a dream, as he dances around in an underground deserted area, but the camera then cuts to a close up of Vinz' face asleep as Said walks through the door, a point of view shot is then used but the camera then scurries away to zoom into a ring on Vinz' finger which says 'Vinz'. This gave me a representation of Vinz which made me see him as a bit of a slob, who is quite unintelligent that likes to wear jewellery stating his name. Later, we are shown Vinz mimicking the Travis Bickle character from Taxi Driver in his mirror, threatening his reflection, using his hand to mimic a gun. Vinz only believes what he has been shown on the TV, he has not had the opportunity to explore anything else, so he has an unrealistic view of violence and believes this is how ordinary life is. This piece of mise-en-scene shows the results of poverty, and generates a response within the audience.
La Haine is based around a 24 hour period, time is a constant reference used within the film. We often get cuts to a time a frame with a ticking clock in the background. Throughout the film, in scenes like the one wear Said, Vinz & Hubert are sat on the side-walk doing nothing, there is a subtle non-diegetic ticking clock in the background, this suggests that the characters have nothing to do, causing them to become disconnected from society and results in characters turning to things like crime, drugs and anti-social behaviour. This subtle usage of sound creates huge meaning within the text. Within the mise-en-scene, we are often seen Vinz fantasizing. The characters don't resort to crime in the film, however, their attitudes towards the police and society are clearly shown, Vinz is willing to kill an officer if his friend dies in a coma, and the use of mise-en-scene showing Vinz fantasizing his vengeance backs that up.
The use of mise-en-scene and sound is also very important in creating meaning and generating a response in City of God. Straight away within the opening shot we get a close up of a knife sharpening against a rock. There is meaning instantly as it represents the violence within the favelas, and that if you live in the favelas you are living on the edge of a knife. This shot is then supported by the usage of cinematography, which as I mentioned earlier on, is equally important in creating meaning within the text. The editing is fast paced, and also includes very harsh cuts, which shows the fast pace of Rio De Janeiro. All these conventions have been encoded into the text to represent citizens in the favela as poultry.
The character, Lil' Z/Dice is often represented as in power. During the scene in which Lil' Dice disobediently goes to the hotel in which his brother and friends trashed, he kills many, if not all the people inside, this shows Lil' Dices lack of conscience and how sinister he actually is. This is supported in the mise-en-scene as a low camera angle angle is used to show he is in power and to emphasise his evil smile and the gun in his hand. This scene supports the statement often implied in the text 'whoever has the gun, has the power'. Another scene which supports this is the scene in which the character Steak 'N' Fries is forced by Lil' to shoot a runt from the favela, a low camera angle is once again used to show that Steak 'N' Fries is in power as he is currently in possession of a gun, a point of view shot is also used to emphasise the power gained by the gun as it is centre frame.
City of God begins with bright colour to represent the sixties and seventies, but as the narrative progresses, the colours become duller. This represents the power of drugs and drug dealers in the times they were set, back in the 60's/70's the colour was bright, happy, green, to represent the calm times back in the favela when marijuana was around, however, when Lil' Z was in power, cocaine was the biggest drug around, at this point things in the favelas were much more about power and control and this was reflected through the dull colours in the mise-en-scene. In both La Haine and City of God, mise-en-scene and sound are both important in creating meaning and generating a response, however, cinematography and editing are equally important also.
City of God begins with bright colour to represent the sixties and seventies, but as the narrative progresses, the colours become duller. This represents the power of drugs and drug dealers in the times they were set, back in the 60's/70's the colour was bright, happy, green, to represent the calm times back in the favela when marijuana was around, however, when Lil' Z was in power, cocaine was the biggest drug around, at this point things in the favelas were much more about power and control and this was reflected through the dull colours in the mise-en-scene. In both La Haine and City of God, mise-en-scene and sound are both important in creating meaning and generating a response, however, cinematography and editing are equally important also.
'Experimental films are often designed to make us see and experience the world differently.' Has this been your experience as a spectator of the films you have studied for this topic?
Experimental films are constructed and designed to make the spectator see and experience the world differently. Experimental films are nonconformist, they challenge mainstream conventions and rely mostly on imagery and don't often have a narrative. Arguably, Luis Bunuel 'Un Chien Andalou' is the most popular and most successful experimental film.
Un Chien Andalou is a surrealist film, the film is displayed as a dream, an element of the subconscious mind. The film was released in 1929, the opening scene created a response straight away as we get a close up of a womans face with another Bunuel himself holding a knife up to her, the film then cuts to a shot of the moon with a cloud moving across it. The moon represents the womans eye, and the cloud represents the knife, in the next shot, we are shown a close up of the womans eye being slit open by the knife with a strange substance coming out of it. Even in the modern 21st century, I found it difficult to watch, and thought I had seen most horrific and extreme things in cinema, so I can imagine in the time of release, many were horrified at the scene. As the film went on, I tried to discover a narrative, but eventually I decided this was a purely surreal film, that relies purely on imagery, during the scene where one of the male characters chases a woman around the room attempting to rape her, he is suddenly out of no-where anchored down by a rope tied to a piano with a dead mule on top of it. This to me had no inner deep meaning, it was purely imagery of Bunuels subconscious mind and dreams placed in front of the camera to challenge the spectator. Bunuel once said in an interview "reject any idea or thing that has meaning". This film overall made me see the world differently as it's not all black and white, we are capable of thinking such shocking and strange things, and Bunuel proved this by putting it on a movie screen.
Another experimental film is Godfrey Reggios 'Koyaansqatsi'. It is very different to Bunuels Un Chien Andalou, but is still considered experimental as there are no actors or script and was filmed over a 4 year period. Koyaansqatsi is a montage sequence, it focuses on human destruction to the earth by showing changes visually to the earth over a certain amount of time. The opening scene is very dramatic, slow motion imagery of the earth in it's true form, just open space and beautiful scenery, but then we start to get imagery of the modern day earth, buildings, cars, roads. During one of the scenes in which the buildings are shown, the non-diegetic soundtrack is quite dominant and powerful and sounds very triumphant, this subtly shows the audience that mankind is triumphant and has won the battle over nature. I responded to this in almost a guilty way, as I am part of the race that has destroyed the earth that was here before us, even though I did not take part in any kind of destruction whatsoever. After watching Koyaansqatsi, it enabled me to see the world we live in differently, and I appreciated those parts of the earth not yet touched by man kind.
Jon Svankmajers stop-motion film 'Darkness Light Darkness' is also seen as an experimental film. The film is constructed in a way to gain more than one response from it's spectator, when first watching the film, I went through many different emotions. The film features a group of body parts slowly coming together as they work out what goes where. This is presented to us in quite a humorous way, for example when the eyes are put on the ends of two fingers and it looks directly at the camera, or when the two feet come together and squish the face, etc. At this point, I found the film quite funny and didn't think it was very serious, however, then real human body organs start to come into the scene, which are in their natural colours, red, brown, where as the rest of the body and room is very dull and bland, this grabbed my attention straight away and started to make me feel a bit sick. As it grabbed my attention, I started to become a much more active viewer, and believe their may be meaning behind the film, which I found out toward the end, when the body is complete, it is very cramped inside the room, the meaning behind this is the more real you become, the more trapped you will be.
Experimental films vary, and are presented and constructed in a number ways but always attempt to make the spectator see and experience the world differently, after watching all 3 films, the response I got from all 3 were different, but I certainly saw and experienced the world differently.
Un Chien Andalou is a surrealist film, the film is displayed as a dream, an element of the subconscious mind. The film was released in 1929, the opening scene created a response straight away as we get a close up of a womans face with another Bunuel himself holding a knife up to her, the film then cuts to a shot of the moon with a cloud moving across it. The moon represents the womans eye, and the cloud represents the knife, in the next shot, we are shown a close up of the womans eye being slit open by the knife with a strange substance coming out of it. Even in the modern 21st century, I found it difficult to watch, and thought I had seen most horrific and extreme things in cinema, so I can imagine in the time of release, many were horrified at the scene. As the film went on, I tried to discover a narrative, but eventually I decided this was a purely surreal film, that relies purely on imagery, during the scene where one of the male characters chases a woman around the room attempting to rape her, he is suddenly out of no-where anchored down by a rope tied to a piano with a dead mule on top of it. This to me had no inner deep meaning, it was purely imagery of Bunuels subconscious mind and dreams placed in front of the camera to challenge the spectator. Bunuel once said in an interview "reject any idea or thing that has meaning". This film overall made me see the world differently as it's not all black and white, we are capable of thinking such shocking and strange things, and Bunuel proved this by putting it on a movie screen.
Another experimental film is Godfrey Reggios 'Koyaansqatsi'. It is very different to Bunuels Un Chien Andalou, but is still considered experimental as there are no actors or script and was filmed over a 4 year period. Koyaansqatsi is a montage sequence, it focuses on human destruction to the earth by showing changes visually to the earth over a certain amount of time. The opening scene is very dramatic, slow motion imagery of the earth in it's true form, just open space and beautiful scenery, but then we start to get imagery of the modern day earth, buildings, cars, roads. During one of the scenes in which the buildings are shown, the non-diegetic soundtrack is quite dominant and powerful and sounds very triumphant, this subtly shows the audience that mankind is triumphant and has won the battle over nature. I responded to this in almost a guilty way, as I am part of the race that has destroyed the earth that was here before us, even though I did not take part in any kind of destruction whatsoever. After watching Koyaansqatsi, it enabled me to see the world we live in differently, and I appreciated those parts of the earth not yet touched by man kind.
Jon Svankmajers stop-motion film 'Darkness Light Darkness' is also seen as an experimental film. The film is constructed in a way to gain more than one response from it's spectator, when first watching the film, I went through many different emotions. The film features a group of body parts slowly coming together as they work out what goes where. This is presented to us in quite a humorous way, for example when the eyes are put on the ends of two fingers and it looks directly at the camera, or when the two feet come together and squish the face, etc. At this point, I found the film quite funny and didn't think it was very serious, however, then real human body organs start to come into the scene, which are in their natural colours, red, brown, where as the rest of the body and room is very dull and bland, this grabbed my attention straight away and started to make me feel a bit sick. As it grabbed my attention, I started to become a much more active viewer, and believe their may be meaning behind the film, which I found out toward the end, when the body is complete, it is very cramped inside the room, the meaning behind this is the more real you become, the more trapped you will be.
Experimental films vary, and are presented and constructed in a number ways but always attempt to make the spectator see and experience the world differently, after watching all 3 films, the response I got from all 3 were different, but I certainly saw and experienced the world differently.
Wednesday, 14 May 2014
Compare the attitudes to poverty conveyed in the films you have studies for this topic.
City of God:
- City of God tends to show a more colourful pallet of brown, green and amber, to show the more sinister side of Urban existence and to reflect the poor living conditions in the Favelas.
- The earliest events are shot with bright colours in a very open environment, suggesting freedom, whereas 2 decades later, with a steady decline, the city's descent into poverty is visualised in much darker tones and colours as the characters become more violent and turn to crime and drugs.
- The boys don't have the education to realise violence isn't always the answer
- Much of the narrative delves into violence and drugs, showing how poverty leads to this behaviour, which then leads to poverty, creating a vicious circle that is impossible to escape. This is also shown at the end of the film, where Lil' Ze is killed by 'the runts' who then take over as one of the main gangs.
La Haine:
- The entire film is shot in black and white to reflect the bleak, cold and boring surroundings where the characters live and also suggest the black and white sense of conflicts between social groups that begins as a consequence of poverty.
- Simply revolving the action around the three characters, during a 24 hour time frame, were they are often shown sitting around doing nothing, as a ticking clock constantly marks time, suggests that they have nothing to do, causing them to become disconnected from society and results in the characters turning to things like crime, drugs and anti-social behaviour.
- The youths ignore their education and take on unrealistic roles influenced by US cinema and rap.
- We see Vince copying the Travis Bickle character from 'Taxi Driver' as he mimics his actions in the mirror. Vince only believes what he is being shown as he has not had the opportunity to explore anything else, so he has an unrealistic view of violence and believes this is how ordinary life is, effects of poverty.
- The characters don’t resort to crime in the film, however, their attitudes towards the police and society are clearly shown. For example, Vinz sees himself as a gangster, and is willing to kill an officer if his friend dies after being put in a coma after a riot, and is seen multiple times fantasizing his vengeance.
- Poverty is a constant reminder of why the characters act and behave the way they do.
- In both films, brotherhood is shown to illuminate that the characters go through because of poverty. Through poverty, communities have to work together to survive, these boys are doing just that, they don’t necessarily have the support of a strong family environment so they look elsewhere for that sense of brotherhood and belonging.
- City of God tends to show a more colourful pallet of brown, green and amber, to show the more sinister side of Urban existence and to reflect the poor living conditions in the Favelas.
- The earliest events are shot with bright colours in a very open environment, suggesting freedom, whereas 2 decades later, with a steady decline, the city's descent into poverty is visualised in much darker tones and colours as the characters become more violent and turn to crime and drugs.
- The boys don't have the education to realise violence isn't always the answer
- Much of the narrative delves into violence and drugs, showing how poverty leads to this behaviour, which then leads to poverty, creating a vicious circle that is impossible to escape. This is also shown at the end of the film, where Lil' Ze is killed by 'the runts' who then take over as one of the main gangs.
La Haine:
- The entire film is shot in black and white to reflect the bleak, cold and boring surroundings where the characters live and also suggest the black and white sense of conflicts between social groups that begins as a consequence of poverty.
- Simply revolving the action around the three characters, during a 24 hour time frame, were they are often shown sitting around doing nothing, as a ticking clock constantly marks time, suggests that they have nothing to do, causing them to become disconnected from society and results in the characters turning to things like crime, drugs and anti-social behaviour.
- The youths ignore their education and take on unrealistic roles influenced by US cinema and rap.
- We see Vince copying the Travis Bickle character from 'Taxi Driver' as he mimics his actions in the mirror. Vince only believes what he is being shown as he has not had the opportunity to explore anything else, so he has an unrealistic view of violence and believes this is how ordinary life is, effects of poverty.
- The characters don’t resort to crime in the film, however, their attitudes towards the police and society are clearly shown. For example, Vinz sees himself as a gangster, and is willing to kill an officer if his friend dies after being put in a coma after a riot, and is seen multiple times fantasizing his vengeance.
- Poverty is a constant reminder of why the characters act and behave the way they do.
- In both films, brotherhood is shown to illuminate that the characters go through because of poverty. Through poverty, communities have to work together to survive, these boys are doing just that, they don’t necessarily have the support of a strong family environment so they look elsewhere for that sense of brotherhood and belonging.
How far can it be argued that your chosen films provide a realistic representaion of the people and places they focus on
City of God is based on a realistic representation of life in the favelas in Brazil. The narrative spans three decades, from the 60's to the late 80's. The director Fermando Merielles tried to make this film as realistic as possible to show a true representation of the slums and favelas.
One way in which he did this was through the usage of unknown actors. Merielles discussed how he cast the film largely with non-actors, mostly young males, who were discovered in Rio De Janeiro in various favelas. Whenever he gave them the script, instead of giving them dialogue, he would tell them the intentions of the scene/sequence and allow them to improvise, only about 30% of the film was actually scripted.
Within the favelas, violence is a common occurrence, stats show that one person dies every 90 seconds in Rio De Janeiro, 90% of these deaths are by shooting. During the scene where Goose has sex with Shortys wife, Shorty resorts to violence, by beating his wife to death with a shovel, it reflects the behaviours within the favelas, providing a realistic representation of the people and the place City of God focuses on.
One way in which he did this was through the usage of unknown actors. Merielles discussed how he cast the film largely with non-actors, mostly young males, who were discovered in Rio De Janeiro in various favelas. Whenever he gave them the script, instead of giving them dialogue, he would tell them the intentions of the scene/sequence and allow them to improvise, only about 30% of the film was actually scripted.
Within the favelas, violence is a common occurrence, stats show that one person dies every 90 seconds in Rio De Janeiro, 90% of these deaths are by shooting. During the scene where Goose has sex with Shortys wife, Shorty resorts to violence, by beating his wife to death with a shovel, it reflects the behaviours within the favelas, providing a realistic representation of the people and the place City of God focuses on.
Wednesday, 7 May 2014
'What is the importance of cinematography and/or editing in communicating issues of power, poverty and conflict in the films you have studied for this topic?'
City of God
- Opening scene of City of God, close ups of sharpening of knives, shows violence, 'living on the edge of a knife', harsh cut editing, suits the style of the film, is overall about a gang of hoods chasing a chicken, indicates that humans are seen as poultry, disposed, killed in cold blood
- Editing in City of God shows the power that drug dealing gives people, the start of the film when it was based in the sixties, there were no jump cuts, or extreme close ups, it just consisted of quite quirky editing, long shots, this is to show the main drug used at the time, marijuana, which makes people feel very relaxed.
- As the film progressed, editing became a lot harsher and faster, the style of the film felt unsettled, this was to show that cocaine was slowly taking over.
- Lil' Z/Lil' Dice often has power, when he walks into a building in which his brother and his friends had recently gone in and robbed and trashed with a gun, and then kills them all, this shows the person with the gun has the power, this is backed up with a low angle shot.
- When Steak 'N' Fries is asked to shoot the small child, a point of view shot is shown with the gun centre frame, done to emphasise whoever has the gun, has the power.
La Haine
- La Haine is in black and white, represents the lack of colour in life, and the oppression that people were facing
- Time is a reoccurring motif in La Haine, as the whole film is set in 24 hours, and there is a reoccurring ‘ticking’ noise throughout the film
- In La Haine, the gun always comes between Vinz and Hubert, and is always in the middle of the frame, creating conflict.
- The opening scene, close up on Saids face, as he opens his eyes, diegetic sound is heard, shows he is shutting out the world around him.
- Point of view shot looking at the Police Station across the road where many 'Pigs' are standing, this shot was used to show the distance between them, representing conflict.
Chungking Express
- Opening shot uses hand-held cameras and fast editing, shows the realism and the fast pace of Hong Kong.
- Usage of smudge motion shows everything else moving and progressing with Hong Kong except for the cops, they are stuck in the past.
- Throughout the film, there is a wide variety of colours, this is done to show that Hong Kong is multi-cultural, also the usage of diegetic & non-diegetic Indian music shows it is multi-cultural.
- Wong is shoving a new a genre at his audience, a post-modern romance with a new wave editing style, the usage of jump cuts and montage sequences, the on-location realism and narrative dissonance, all make up this new wave genre. Throughout the film is a large usage of slow motion, this signals that the Hong Kong new wave is coming full circle.
- Editing and cinematography creates and adds to conflict, poverty and power in the feel of the film, and puts across issues that the narrative may not in a subtle, but noticeable way.
- Opening scene of City of God, close ups of sharpening of knives, shows violence, 'living on the edge of a knife', harsh cut editing, suits the style of the film, is overall about a gang of hoods chasing a chicken, indicates that humans are seen as poultry, disposed, killed in cold blood
- Editing in City of God shows the power that drug dealing gives people, the start of the film when it was based in the sixties, there were no jump cuts, or extreme close ups, it just consisted of quite quirky editing, long shots, this is to show the main drug used at the time, marijuana, which makes people feel very relaxed.
- As the film progressed, editing became a lot harsher and faster, the style of the film felt unsettled, this was to show that cocaine was slowly taking over.
- Lil' Z/Lil' Dice often has power, when he walks into a building in which his brother and his friends had recently gone in and robbed and trashed with a gun, and then kills them all, this shows the person with the gun has the power, this is backed up with a low angle shot.
- When Steak 'N' Fries is asked to shoot the small child, a point of view shot is shown with the gun centre frame, done to emphasise whoever has the gun, has the power.
La Haine
- La Haine is in black and white, represents the lack of colour in life, and the oppression that people were facing
- Time is a reoccurring motif in La Haine, as the whole film is set in 24 hours, and there is a reoccurring ‘ticking’ noise throughout the film
- In La Haine, the gun always comes between Vinz and Hubert, and is always in the middle of the frame, creating conflict.
- The opening scene, close up on Saids face, as he opens his eyes, diegetic sound is heard, shows he is shutting out the world around him.
- Point of view shot looking at the Police Station across the road where many 'Pigs' are standing, this shot was used to show the distance between them, representing conflict.
Chungking Express
- Opening shot uses hand-held cameras and fast editing, shows the realism and the fast pace of Hong Kong.
- Usage of smudge motion shows everything else moving and progressing with Hong Kong except for the cops, they are stuck in the past.
- Throughout the film, there is a wide variety of colours, this is done to show that Hong Kong is multi-cultural, also the usage of diegetic & non-diegetic Indian music shows it is multi-cultural.
- Wong is shoving a new a genre at his audience, a post-modern romance with a new wave editing style, the usage of jump cuts and montage sequences, the on-location realism and narrative dissonance, all make up this new wave genre. Throughout the film is a large usage of slow motion, this signals that the Hong Kong new wave is coming full circle.
- Editing and cinematography creates and adds to conflict, poverty and power in the feel of the film, and puts across issues that the narrative may not in a subtle, but noticeable way.
Key Points About Chungking Express
- The opening sequence of Chungking Express is in context of Hong Kong in the early 1990's. It reflects the films central films of uncertainty, separation and reunification.
- The director, Kai Wai Wong, seems to be creating a new genre, a post-modern romance, a new wave editing style, on location realism and narrative dissonance, the slow motion editing signals a slow recognition that the Hong Kong new wave is coming full circle.
- Hong Kong remained under British rule which oversaw a liberal economy, until 1997 when it was 'hander back' to China
- The opening shot uses a hand held camera and consists of fast editing, showing us the fast pace city that Hong Kong is
- The wide range of colour shown in the film shows us Hong Kong is multicultural, the same goes for the usage of non-diegetic and diegetic Indian music
- Constant reference to time through imagery, the clock, and dialogue 'I fell in love with her 57 hours later', 'love you million years' The reference to the expiry date on the pineapple tin shows us that nothing lasts forever
- Everyone knows everybody's business, the opening of the Policeman's letter emphasises that the people of Hong Kong are all confined in a tight space
- The director, Kai Wai Wong, seems to be creating a new genre, a post-modern romance, a new wave editing style, on location realism and narrative dissonance, the slow motion editing signals a slow recognition that the Hong Kong new wave is coming full circle.
- Hong Kong remained under British rule which oversaw a liberal economy, until 1997 when it was 'hander back' to China
- The opening shot uses a hand held camera and consists of fast editing, showing us the fast pace city that Hong Kong is
- The wide range of colour shown in the film shows us Hong Kong is multicultural, the same goes for the usage of non-diegetic and diegetic Indian music
- Constant reference to time through imagery, the clock, and dialogue 'I fell in love with her 57 hours later', 'love you million years' The reference to the expiry date on the pineapple tin shows us that nothing lasts forever
- Everyone knows everybody's business, the opening of the Policeman's letter emphasises that the people of Hong Kong are all confined in a tight space
Friday, 11 April 2014
Reflective Analysis
Aims and Context:
Short Documentary/Urban Story film
Targeting 16+ middle class males and females, knowledgeable about urban story conventions
2 - 4 minutes long
Key stylistic elements - Montage, urban story themes e.g representing the minority, strong soundtrack, singling characters out with framing
Niche, reality, new wave, key theme of loneliness
Based on La Haine
The film sequence that me and my partner have produced is a short Urban Story with experimental stylistic features called "Downpour", which has taken influence from films such as Mathieu Kassovitz' La Haine. Originally, our intentions were to produce an Urban Story which stuck to traditional conventions, however after studying Experimental Cinema, I decided the best outcome would be to add elements of experimental cinematography, making more of a high brow film which would attract a more niche, active audience. To focus on my philosophical reasoning in more depth, the message I intended to get across to my audience is the consequences of alcohol, and how they effect yourself and others around you.
Short Documentary/Urban Story film
Targeting 16+ middle class males and females, knowledgeable about urban story conventions
2 - 4 minutes long
Key stylistic elements - Montage, urban story themes e.g representing the minority, strong soundtrack, singling characters out with framing
Niche, reality, new wave, key theme of loneliness
Based on La Haine
The film sequence that me and my partner have produced is a short Urban Story with experimental stylistic features called "Downpour", which has taken influence from films such as Mathieu Kassovitz' La Haine. Originally, our intentions were to produce an Urban Story which stuck to traditional conventions, however after studying Experimental Cinema, I decided the best outcome would be to add elements of experimental cinematography, making more of a high brow film which would attract a more niche, active audience. To focus on my philosophical reasoning in more depth, the message I intended to get across to my audience is the consequences of alcohol, and how they effect yourself and others around you.
My original primary influence was 'La Haine', in terms of the camera shots used. My film is very slow paced as there are numerous long shots used of the main character walking, adding to the effect of realism. 30 seconds in, we used the well known opening shot in La Haine, where the camera zooms in on Saids face and as he opens his eyes we hear the diegetic sound around him, this is used in our film and worked very effectively, to show the character is trying to shut out the world around him. During the close up, the experimental elements start to come in, with very quick, short, black and white flashbacks, with bursts of white noise behind them. My reasoning for this was to make my film non-linear, enabling my film to attract a much wider audience as it is a very mainstream convention. The clips consisted of things such as a close up of a bottle of beer, showing our audience that our film will involve alcoholic references like within other Urban Stories such as Princesses.
The opening scene of our film shows the main character in a drunken state, a close up of him was used and he held the camera himself to enable us to get the shaking movement of the camera effectively, as editor of the film, I wanted to really get across the experimental elements and make it look as unusual as possible, so I used jump cuts within the 2 minute clip which created a stutter effect, then I added a delay video effect to the clips, this made the overall effect of much more unusual, and more surreal, relying more on imagery to tell the story and the characters background.
We then placed the camera on a tripod facing the back of me as I walked away. 3/4 seconds into the clip we used an overlay of a close up of the other character lighting a cigarette, this is the usage of both an Urban Story and Experimental Film, as the long walking clips and usage of framing to make the character alone is used often in La Haine and Princesses, and unusual effects such as overlays are often used in Experimental cinema. About 30 seconds on, an extreme long shot is used, the camera pans and follows the main character, it is used for around 5 seconds, this is a huge convention of the Urban Story genre, the usage of slow paced editing, the framing emphasising the loneliness of the character, often done in La Haine and Princesses, I personally think it is a key clip throughout the whole film. Another La Haine reference included into the sequence is a low angled long shot of once again the character walking, however the camera was placed behind a set of bars, this was done a couple of times in La Haine but also in films like City of God & Princesses, it shows the audience that the character is trapped, the character in our film is trapped via alcohol, bad things will continue to happen to him and others around him if he continues to drink, but he can't stop himself, thus the usage of the subtle trapped reference.
Whilst walking, the main characters physical performance was something I took into consideration, Maya Derens 'Meshes of the Afternoon' has her main subject walk throughout her house, but she doesn't over act, it's almost as if she is sleep walking, this emphasises a more subtle experimental performance, a huge reason to why the character in my film isn't focussing on facial expressions.
A key shot used in the film is a fixed mid profile shot of the character walking passed and behind him is a wall covered in graffiti, the graffiti connotes the characters background and the kind of place he grew up, influencing his lifestyle choices, such as drinking.
The ending of the film is most significant, but also goes against the common conventions of an Urban Story, it's what many would consider a happy ending, a typical ending of an Urban Story would show the constant cycle of violence and the problems shown within the film, like the ending of La Haine shows Hubert being shot, there is no solution, just the starting of violence once again, the ending of my film shows the character give up his drinking problem, the audience learns he has gave up, and these problems will no longer occur, the opposite to a typical Urban Story.
I do have a few criticisms of the film and things we should've included and things we shouldn't have. First off, I was a little bit annoyed with myself that we didn't film it all on one day, as certain shots that are filmed outside are sunny, and others are dull, which in my opinion makes the overall outcome of the film seem slightly amateur, so if I were to do this again I would manage my time better. Another criticism I would have is we intended on using time frames, like Kassovitz did in La Haine, however, because of the lack of time management, we ended up rushing slightly towards the end and completely forgot to add them in, which in my opinion really would have boosted the quality of the film and made it a lot more obvious which genre it falls under and what my influences were.
The opening scene of our film shows the main character in a drunken state, a close up of him was used and he held the camera himself to enable us to get the shaking movement of the camera effectively, as editor of the film, I wanted to really get across the experimental elements and make it look as unusual as possible, so I used jump cuts within the 2 minute clip which created a stutter effect, then I added a delay video effect to the clips, this made the overall effect of much more unusual, and more surreal, relying more on imagery to tell the story and the characters background.
We then placed the camera on a tripod facing the back of me as I walked away. 3/4 seconds into the clip we used an overlay of a close up of the other character lighting a cigarette, this is the usage of both an Urban Story and Experimental Film, as the long walking clips and usage of framing to make the character alone is used often in La Haine and Princesses, and unusual effects such as overlays are often used in Experimental cinema. About 30 seconds on, an extreme long shot is used, the camera pans and follows the main character, it is used for around 5 seconds, this is a huge convention of the Urban Story genre, the usage of slow paced editing, the framing emphasising the loneliness of the character, often done in La Haine and Princesses, I personally think it is a key clip throughout the whole film. Another La Haine reference included into the sequence is a low angled long shot of once again the character walking, however the camera was placed behind a set of bars, this was done a couple of times in La Haine but also in films like City of God & Princesses, it shows the audience that the character is trapped, the character in our film is trapped via alcohol, bad things will continue to happen to him and others around him if he continues to drink, but he can't stop himself, thus the usage of the subtle trapped reference.
Whilst walking, the main characters physical performance was something I took into consideration, Maya Derens 'Meshes of the Afternoon' has her main subject walk throughout her house, but she doesn't over act, it's almost as if she is sleep walking, this emphasises a more subtle experimental performance, a huge reason to why the character in my film isn't focussing on facial expressions.
A key shot used in the film is a fixed mid profile shot of the character walking passed and behind him is a wall covered in graffiti, the graffiti connotes the characters background and the kind of place he grew up, influencing his lifestyle choices, such as drinking.
The ending of the film is most significant, but also goes against the common conventions of an Urban Story, it's what many would consider a happy ending, a typical ending of an Urban Story would show the constant cycle of violence and the problems shown within the film, like the ending of La Haine shows Hubert being shot, there is no solution, just the starting of violence once again, the ending of my film shows the character give up his drinking problem, the audience learns he has gave up, and these problems will no longer occur, the opposite to a typical Urban Story.
I do have a few criticisms of the film and things we should've included and things we shouldn't have. First off, I was a little bit annoyed with myself that we didn't film it all on one day, as certain shots that are filmed outside are sunny, and others are dull, which in my opinion makes the overall outcome of the film seem slightly amateur, so if I were to do this again I would manage my time better. Another criticism I would have is we intended on using time frames, like Kassovitz did in La Haine, however, because of the lack of time management, we ended up rushing slightly towards the end and completely forgot to add them in, which in my opinion really would have boosted the quality of the film and made it a lot more obvious which genre it falls under and what my influences were.
Wednesday, 26 February 2014
Aims and Context
Short Documentary/Urban Story film
Targeting 16+ middle class males and females, knowledgeable about urban story conventions
2 - 4 minutes long
Key stylistic elements - Montage, urban story themes e.g representing the minority, strong soundtrack, singling characters out with framing
Niche, reality, new wave, key theme of loneliness
Based on La Haine
Targeting 16+ middle class males and females, knowledgeable about urban story conventions
2 - 4 minutes long
Key stylistic elements - Montage, urban story themes e.g representing the minority, strong soundtrack, singling characters out with framing
Niche, reality, new wave, key theme of loneliness
Based on La Haine
Wednesday, 5 February 2014
Experimental Films
Un Chien Andalou:-
Director - Luis Bunuel.
Year Made - 1929
Techniques - Abstract, based purely on imagery
Themes - Surrealism
Response - Confused, drawn in, disturbed by opening scene, wanted to look away but couldn't
Meshes Of The Afternoon:-
Director - Maya Deren
Year Made - 1943
Techniques - Abstract, though it appears to have a slight narrative, we still get that dream like effect
Themes - Surrealism
Response - On edge, confused and shocked by closing scene
Darkness, Light, Darkness:-
Director - Jan Švankmajer
Year Made - 1990
Techniques - Stop motion animation
Themes -
Response - Really interested, funny, disturbed by human organs, couldn't look away
Director - Luis Bunuel.
Year Made - 1929
Techniques - Abstract, based purely on imagery
Themes - Surrealism
Response - Confused, drawn in, disturbed by opening scene, wanted to look away but couldn't
Meshes Of The Afternoon:-
Director - Maya Deren
Year Made - 1943
Techniques - Abstract, though it appears to have a slight narrative, we still get that dream like effect
Themes - Surrealism
Response - On edge, confused and shocked by closing scene
Darkness, Light, Darkness:-
Director - Jan Švankmajer
Year Made - 1990
Techniques - Stop motion animation
Themes -
Response - Really interested, funny, disturbed by human organs, couldn't look away
Discuss some of the ways in which the film or video work you have started for this topic requires a different kind of spectatorship from that with spectators bring to their mainstream film-going
Experimental film takes a different kind of spectatorship than mainstream films, due to the fact that mainstream films are made easier to understand, experimental films challenge typical conventions and themes and often have no narrative, but are purely based on imagery.
Un Chien Andalou is an infamous surrealist film made in 1929 by Luis Bunuel. Throughout the film there is an artistic concept, surrealism, the film is shown almost as a dream, it was based on dreams Bunuel and Salvador Dali, one consisted of someone's eye ball being cut open, which is the opening scene. We are shown a close up of the womens eye, then a cut to the moon with a cloud going straight through out, representing the cutting of the eye, which the next shot shows. As the eye is cut, a very strange texture is shown, even in this day and age, I could barely look at the screen, so I imagine when it first came out in the late 1920's, it got a wide range of responses, mostly horrified. Most people are used to films with a clear narrative, like I mentioned before, experimental films challenge typical conventions, so personally I didn't think there was a narrative, I did at first, but watching it again made me realise that this is an abstract film, based purely on strange imagery, I realised this during the scene in which one of the characters is chasing a women in her house but then is all of a sudden being anchored down by a piano with a dead deer on it, this in my opinion has no meaning, it was purely abstract and Bunuel was looking for a reaction from his audience and to challenge them. Another example of abstract imagery is the close up shown of a males hand with ants coming out of it, this was a dream of Salvador Dali's that he mentioned, so Bunuel thought it would be perfect to include in his surreal experimental film, my personal response to this was very confused and also slightly disturbed, to watch I really had to take on a different kind of spectatorship than I would when watching mainstream films. Bunuel actually said himself in an interview 'refuse any image with meaning or culture.
Another experimental that requires a different kind of spectatorship to mainstream films is Meshes Of The Afternoon, made in 1943 by Maya Deren. This film is slightly different to Un Chien Andalou, as in my opinion this film seems to have a narrative, but still not one that I was able to pick up. I think this because when first watching it I actually believed that this was a horror, I personally think it has many horror conventions, starting straight away when she unlocks her door and walks into her house a first person shot is used, slowly panning around her house with a very strange repetitive non-digetic sound, almost sounding like to fry pans are being banged together to make a very tinny drum beat, this all adds to the tension, which is why at first I believed this to be a horror. Strange imagery is then brought into the film, as a long shot through a strange tin tube shown, almost as if we're looking through a telescope, looking at a tall black cloaked figure, a mid shot is then shown of the figure turning around revealing what we thought would be his face, however, it is a mirror, this strange imagery made me realise straight away that this is an abstract film, and Deren is trying to challenge her audience. We then start to get even 'trippier' effects, we get a mid/long shot from the top of the stairs looking down at the female character walking up the stairs, the camera then starts to tilt from left to right, as this happens the character also falls left to right, giving the feel that the whole house is moving, this left me curious and quite intrigued, as I thought it was quite clever how they challenged typical mainstream clips like that. During another scene where the women goes up the stairs, a close up of her feet is shown, the clip has been slowed right down and it gives the effect that she is flying, it's very dream like, which genuinely started to make me feel quite sleepy, like I was dreaming, a perfect example of abstract imagery and surrealism.
The film Darkness, Light, Darkness requires a different kind of spectatorship
Un Chien Andalou is an infamous surrealist film made in 1929 by Luis Bunuel. Throughout the film there is an artistic concept, surrealism, the film is shown almost as a dream, it was based on dreams Bunuel and Salvador Dali, one consisted of someone's eye ball being cut open, which is the opening scene. We are shown a close up of the womens eye, then a cut to the moon with a cloud going straight through out, representing the cutting of the eye, which the next shot shows. As the eye is cut, a very strange texture is shown, even in this day and age, I could barely look at the screen, so I imagine when it first came out in the late 1920's, it got a wide range of responses, mostly horrified. Most people are used to films with a clear narrative, like I mentioned before, experimental films challenge typical conventions, so personally I didn't think there was a narrative, I did at first, but watching it again made me realise that this is an abstract film, based purely on strange imagery, I realised this during the scene in which one of the characters is chasing a women in her house but then is all of a sudden being anchored down by a piano with a dead deer on it, this in my opinion has no meaning, it was purely abstract and Bunuel was looking for a reaction from his audience and to challenge them. Another example of abstract imagery is the close up shown of a males hand with ants coming out of it, this was a dream of Salvador Dali's that he mentioned, so Bunuel thought it would be perfect to include in his surreal experimental film, my personal response to this was very confused and also slightly disturbed, to watch I really had to take on a different kind of spectatorship than I would when watching mainstream films. Bunuel actually said himself in an interview 'refuse any image with meaning or culture.
Another experimental that requires a different kind of spectatorship to mainstream films is Meshes Of The Afternoon, made in 1943 by Maya Deren. This film is slightly different to Un Chien Andalou, as in my opinion this film seems to have a narrative, but still not one that I was able to pick up. I think this because when first watching it I actually believed that this was a horror, I personally think it has many horror conventions, starting straight away when she unlocks her door and walks into her house a first person shot is used, slowly panning around her house with a very strange repetitive non-digetic sound, almost sounding like to fry pans are being banged together to make a very tinny drum beat, this all adds to the tension, which is why at first I believed this to be a horror. Strange imagery is then brought into the film, as a long shot through a strange tin tube shown, almost as if we're looking through a telescope, looking at a tall black cloaked figure, a mid shot is then shown of the figure turning around revealing what we thought would be his face, however, it is a mirror, this strange imagery made me realise straight away that this is an abstract film, and Deren is trying to challenge her audience. We then start to get even 'trippier' effects, we get a mid/long shot from the top of the stairs looking down at the female character walking up the stairs, the camera then starts to tilt from left to right, as this happens the character also falls left to right, giving the feel that the whole house is moving, this left me curious and quite intrigued, as I thought it was quite clever how they challenged typical mainstream clips like that. During another scene where the women goes up the stairs, a close up of her feet is shown, the clip has been slowed right down and it gives the effect that she is flying, it's very dream like, which genuinely started to make me feel quite sleepy, like I was dreaming, a perfect example of abstract imagery and surrealism.
The film Darkness, Light, Darkness requires a different kind of spectatorship
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